Roman Republic. While both the Roman Republic and Roman Empire have similarities, they also have some major differences. One of. Marxism, essentially, is a theory of the proletarian liberation movement. This theory is dialectic in that society is seen as a composition of contraries e. The triumph of one over the other produces change. Change, however, is resisted by the ruling class because most, if not all, of the wealth is concentrated in their.
Also, the structure of government of the Roman and American republic has some similarities. The basis of both civilizations possessed an overwhelming military strength that may be attributed to the success of each nation. No other country has been dominant culturally, economically, technologically, and militarily in the history of the world since the Roman Empire. Athens vs. Rome Both Athens and Rome were very successful societies that paved the way for western development over time.
They had their own styles of government, art, politics, and social constructs. The Athenians laid the foundations for democracy, built their own political systems for their government, and allowed citizens to contribute to Athenian society. The Romans established a Republic that represented the people of Rome and allowed lots of different people from different backgrounds to. In B. Their first government was a representative democracy.
Its citizens, who only could be free, adult males, elected representatives who made laws for Rome. The patricians were Rome's richest families, and they held all the power. Only patricians could be government or religious officials. The rest of the free Roman citizens were plebeians. The plebeians were almost powerless, and the only group below them was the enslaved Plebeians Fight for a Voice in Government The Senate was the main governing body.
After about 15 years, the plebeians protested and the Council of the Plebs was formed. Plebeians got a voice in the government, and the republic formed new branches of government, called assemblies. The assemblies played different roles. The Comitia Centuriata made decisions about war, passed laws, and elected important public officials.
At first, the Concilium Plebis made laws for the plebeian class, and the patricians did not have to follow them. After about years, all Romans had to obey the same laws. The Comitia Tributa elected less important officials. Sometimes they served as judges, but only had the power to make people pay fines. Two consuls were elected each year to lead the Republic. They also were the heads of the Roman Senate and commanded the Roman military.
Citizens and families struggled for power. A series of civil wars broke out, which tore the republic apart. During these civil wars, a general named Julius Caesar began gaining power.
The Senate became afraid of Caesar. They demanded he give up command of his army and return to Rome to be a regular citizen. Caesar refused, and instead marched his army directly into Rome. In response to drastic unjust debt and legal principles the Plebeians deserted their positions in society and left the Army refusing to fight in BC. They moved to a hill beyond the Anio which they called the Sacred Mount Morey. It was here that the first united as group. They here united together and selected their own leaders to represent them.
They sent threats and demands to Rome that they would plan to cut themselves off from the Republic if their matters were not addressed. Their primary concern to address was the burdens they faced from debt-bondage and financial hole that they had fallen into at the fault of the ruling elite.
The Patricians realized what such a threat could constitute if the Plebeians were to actually leave Rome. Not only would Rome be without a good number of warriors but also they would be without skilled workers and farmers that provided for the everyday functions of the Republic. Without the Plebeians Rome would soon cease to exist. Due to this the Patricians agreed to listen to the demands of the Plebs.
The first secessio plebis met with a rather good outcome. The Plebeians demand in terms of debt were met, with the abolishment of debts owed by those in poverty and the release of debt slaves with the promise that such bondage would no longer exist. One of the largest achievements of the first secession was the establishment of tribuni plebis or Tribune of the Plebs.
For the first time the Plebeians would have an opportunity to elect a leader to represent them. Their duty was to be members of the Patrician Magistrate and serve to safeguard the rights of the Plebs against any future infringements by the Patricians. The Tribunes had a very strong ability to complete this.
They had the power of the veto. Tribunes had the ability to stop any measure that was deemed to be unjust to the citizens of the Roman Republic. Only patricians noble class, wealthy landowners, from old families could be citizens. The Senate was the most powerful branch of the Roman republic, and senators held the position for life.
The executive branch was made up of two consuls, elected yearly. These two consuls had almost kingly powers, and each could veto, or disapprove of the other's decision. How did plebeians gain power? The laws of the 12 tablets, and they gained the right to elect their own officials called tribunes to protect their own interests. Later plebeians forced the senate to choose them as consuls. What complaints did the plebeians have against the patricians? They bought their land and left the plebeians jobless.
The plebeians refused to fight in the Roman army. The patricians gave in to the plebeians and geve them their written code of laws, called the Laws of the 12 tables.
Why did patricians want to prevent plebeians from holding important positions in Roman society and government? They thought their ancestry gave them the authority to make laws for Rome and its people.
Assemblymen, all citizen soldiers, a controlled assembly which appointed the consuls and made laws. The patricians were the rich landowners. They would often have a house in the city and a villa in the country that was run by slaves. Those who were well-off lived in townhouses with central courtyards know as atriums.
Archeological evidence suggests that even the wealthy Romans did not have much furniture. Soon, however, these plebians or plebs began to resent their second-class status and rose up, demanding to participate in the affairs of state and exercise their rights as full citizens of Rome.
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