SSL allows sensitive information such as credit card numbers, social security numbers, and login credentials to be transmitted securely. Normally, data sent between browsers and web servers is sent in plain text—leaving you vulnerable to eavesdropping. If an attacker is able to intercept all data being sent between a browser and a web server, they can see and use that information.
More specifically, SSL is a security protocol. Protocols describe how algorithms should be used. In this case, the SSL protocol determines variables of the encryption for both the link and the data being transmitted.
All browsers have the capability to interact with secured web servers using the SSL protocol. However, the browser and the server need what is called an SSL Certificate to be able to establish a secure connection. Internet users have come to associate their online security with the lock icon that comes with an SSL-secured website, or green address bar that comes with an Extended Validation SSL-secured website.
Already understand the basics of SSL certificates and technology? Learn about SSL cryptography. Note that the SSL Handshake is invisible to the user and happens instantaneously. Essentially, three keys are used to set up the SSL connection: the public, private, and session keys. Anything encrypted with the public key can only be decrypted with the private key, and vice versa.
Because encrypting and decrypting with private and public key takes a lot of processing power, they are only used during the SSL Handshake to create a symmetric session key.
After the secure connection is made, the session key is used to encrypt all transmitted data. The SSL protocol has always been used to encrypt and secure transmitted data. Each time a new and more secure version was released, only the version number was altered to reflect the change e.
An example certificate is available to use. However you can create your own certificate, or use a commercially available version, provided all requirements of the ES Regulation are met. Note: the Word version is a protected document. You can only enter information into the text boxes or in the blank section at the top of the document. The example certificate can be used for both types of certificate.
Select the relevant check-box near the top of the certificate and fill out the other details in the spaces provided. The electrical contractor performing the electrical work issues the certificate of testing and compliance or a certificate of testing and safety. Yes, as long as the invoice inclusive of the additional information meets the requirements of the ES Regulation and you hold onto a copy of the invoice for at least five years.
This is the person or organisation who engaged you the licensed electrical contractor to perform the work, and usually also the person or organisation that you would invoice for the work performed. Unless you were engaged directly by the owner, you would give the certificate of testing and compliance to the builder. The person who performed or the person responsible for the work can sign the certificate.
A rubber stamp signature is acceptable. No, the ES Regulation requires that the licensed electrical contractor under whose licence number the certificate was issued must keep a copy of the certificate for at least five years after the certificate is given to the person for whom the work was performed.
As much as possible about the work that was done, for example the number and type of electrical equipment installed. As a copy of the certificate is kept by you it can serve as a good record of the details of the job. This may be useful if you ever need to prove what work was done and what testing was carried out. Online services outage: Some online services will be unavailable on Sunday 14 November from 5. We apologise for any inconvenience caused.
It tends to be used for high profile websites which collect data and involve online payments. Displaying the website owner's information in the address bar helps distinguish the site from malicious sites. To set up an EV SSL certificate, the website owner must go through a standardized identity verification process to confirm they are authorized legally to the exclusive rights to the domain.
This version of SSL certificate has a similar assurance similar level to the EV SSL certificate since to obtain one; the website owner needs to complete a substantial validation process. This type of certificate also displays the website owner's information in the address bar to distinguish from malicious sites. Commercial or public-facing websites must install an OV SSL certificate to ensure that any customer information shared remains confidential.
The validation process to obtain this SSL certificate type is minimal, and as a result, Domain Validation SSL certificates provide lower assurance and minimal encryption. They tend to be used for blogs or informational websites — i. This SSL certificate type is one of the least expensive and quickest to obtain. The validation process only requires website owners to prove domain ownership by responding to an email or phone call.
Wildcard SSL certificates allow you to secure a base domain and unlimited sub-domains on a single certificate. If you have multiple sub-domains to secure, then a Wildcard SSL certificate purchase is much less expensive than buying individual SSL certificates for each of them.
Multi-Domain certificates do not support sub-domains by default. If you need to secure both www. Today, any website owner can use these certificates to allow multiple domain names to be secured on a single certificate. UCC Certificates are organizationally validated and display a padlock on a browser. It is essential to be familiar with the different types of SSL certificates to obtain the right type of certificate for your website.
Certificate Authorities — sometimes also referred to as Certification Authorities — issue millions of SSL certificates each year. They play a critical role in how the internet operates and how transparent, trusted interactions can occur online. The cost of an SSL certificate can range from free to hundreds of dollars, depending on the level of security you require. Once you decide on the type of certificate you require, you can then look for Certificate Issuers, which offer SSLs at the level you require.
Once obtained, you need to configure the certificate on your web host or on your own servers if you host the website yourself. How quickly you receive your certificate depends on what type of certificate you get and which certificate provider you procure it from. Each level of validation takes a different length of time to complete. A simple Domain Validation SSL certificate can be issued within minutes of being ordered, whereas Extended Validation can take as long as a full week.
It is possible to use one SSL certificate for multiple domains on the same server. Depending on the vendor, you can also use one SSL certificate on multiple servers. The number is left up to the specific issuing Certificate Authority. Every multi-domain certificate has additional fields i. SSL certificates do expire; they don't last forever.
This essentially means two years plus you can carry over up to three months if you renew with time remaining on your previous SSL certificate. SSL certificates expire because, as with any form of authentication, information needs to be periodically re-validated to check it is still accurate.
Things change on the internet, as companies and also websites are bought and sold. As they change hands, the information relevant to SSL certificates also changes. The purpose of the expiry period is to ensure that the information used to authenticate servers and organizations is as up-to-date and accurate as possible. Previously, SSL certificates could be issued for as long as five years, which was subsequently reduced to three and most recently to two years plus a potential extra three months.
This took effect from September It is possible that in the future, the length of validity will reduce still further. When an SSL certificate expires, it makes the site in question unreachable.
When a user's browser arrives at a website, it checks the SSL certificate's validity within milliseconds as part of the SSL handshake. If the SSL certificate has expired, visitors will receive a message to the effect of — "This site is not secure. Potential risk ahead".
0コメント