Such measures are necessary, particularly because the mere development of technologies and technology solutions are not adequate to solve major national problems. End-to-End solutions, based on technologies, call for strong internal linkages amongst the Indian science sector as well as with relevant socio-economic ministries of both the central and the state governments.
The authors are Dr Ashok A. Sonkusare, Dy. Down To Earth talked to experts at the conference on how science is likely to contribute to human development in the next few years and the achievements so far.
Edited excerpts of their interviews. Satellites like the Mars orbiter have indirect benefits through innovations in energy storage. India is part of an international coordination group of 12 countries that have set as a deadline for colonising Mars.
The scientific community in India is also developing a plan on what the country would want from Mars. The community needs to give the requirements to ISRO which would then plan the next move.
Another mission is likely in , or Chandrayan 2 launch is also scheduled in the next few years. Agriculture Arun K Pandey, professor, Department of Botany, University of Delhi sectional president, plant sciences Researchers are trying to develop crops which would grow well in changed climate in the future.
They are looking for plants which grow better in, say, higher carbon monoxide or in sunny conditions. For example, sugarcane grows better in sunny environment. In the coming years, wasteland development would be of paramount importance and researchers are looking for crops which can grow in degraded land.
In the future, emphasis has to be on using natural products. For this we need to quickly create inventories of plants, animals and microbes in India. This would help us identify wild relatives of cultivated plants which can be used for useful traits. In the future, we could learn from the water management systems of ancient people. The next few years are likely to throw light on the mystery around the origin of ancient Indian civilizations like the Harappan civilization.
We have not been able to analyse the genetic makeup of this community as they buried their dead in moist conditions and the DNA has not survived. Pandemic unveiled that India's digital divide rural-urban is one of the major obstacles in getting a skilled workforce [v].
A substantial number of students in rural areas who were not exposed to online curricula saw opportunities completely wiped out from getting higher education during the pandemic. This poses a risk to the next generation of innovators as well as a momentous hit to the industry's demand for skilled human labor.
Post-pandemic era setting up of skill centers and capacity building programmes will complement providing a skilled workforce and incentivizing the development of technologies. It will entice tech businesses to extend their workspaces. A noticeable feature in advanced Germany and developing economies Indonesia, South Africa have been technology transfer legislation—it entails that university know-how should be transferred to the private sector for commercialization [vi].
It started its construction on a high-tech chip processing plant in Hosur, which would be the first of its kind in India. The global supply chain comprises more value to upstream industry prior to assembling of the final product. If TATA becomes the foundry in India of chip fabrication, it opens the possibility of shedding dependence on foreign companies. On top of that the economic benefit would be times the investment [viii]. To replicate this seems an arduous job but definitely an area that India should consider embarking upon.
Concerning the technological advancement, other countries have progressed in and the level of progression they are looking for, India policy makers, researchers should be giving attention to highly advanced scientific areas-- quantum computing technology, large-scale simulation for weather forecasting, Internet of things IoT implementation in public sectors and consumer electronics, and implementation of artificial intelligence AI , drones, and robots in the healthcare, agriculture, and public sectors.
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